What Are the Different Types of Jaw Surgery?
If you are researching jaw surgery, you will encounter several types. Here is a breakdown of the main procedures.
Orthognathic surgery includes several different procedures depending on which part of the jaw needs correction. The three main types are:
- 1. Upper jaw surgery (maxillary osteotomy):
- Repositions the upper jaw (maxilla)
- Used to correct an open bite, crossbite, gummy smile, or midface deficiency
- Performed through incisions inside the mouth β no external scars
- 2. Lower jaw surgery (mandibular osteotomy):
- Repositions the lower jaw (mandible) forward, backward, or sideways
- Used to correct an underbite, overbite, or asymmetry of the lower face
- The most common type of orthognathic surgery
- 3. Double jaw surgery (bimaxillary osteotomy):
- Both upper and lower jaws are repositioned in the same procedure
- Used for more complex cases where both jaws need correction
- Often recommended for severe bite problems, facial asymmetry, and sleep apnea
- Additional procedures:
- Genioplasty β chin surgery that repositions the chin bone, often done alongside jaw surgery
- Segmental osteotomy β dividing the upper or lower jaw into segments for more precise movement
When to See a Surgeon
- You should see an oral and maxillofacial surgeon if:
- You have been told by your orthodontist that you may need surgery
- You have a bite problem that braces alone cannot fix
- You have difficulty chewing, speaking, or breathing due to jaw position
Clinical Guidance
The three main types of orthognathic surgery are upper jaw surgery (maxillary), lower jaw surgery (mandibular), and double jaw surgery (bimaxillary). Your surgeon will determine which type is needed based on your specific jaw alignment and functional issues.