Can Jaw Surgery Fail?
The word "failure" can be frightening. Here is what it actually means in the context of orthognathic surgery.
Complete failure of orthognathic surgery (where the result is worse than before or the surgery provides no benefit) is very rare. However, there are outcomes that fall short of ideal.
What "failure" can look like:
- 1. Non-union:
- The bone does not heal together properly
- Very rare with modern fixation (<1% of cases)
- Requires revision surgery with bone grafting
- 2. Malunion:
- The bone heals but in a suboptimal position
- May require revision surgery
- Uncommon with 3D planning
- 3. Significant relapse:
- The jaw moves significantly back toward its original position
- Can sometimes be corrected with orthodontics
- Rarely requires revision surgery
- 4. Nerve damage:
- Permanent numbness of the lip or chin
- This is the most common "imperfect" outcome
- Usually partial, not complete
- 5. Infection:
- Can lead to loss of fixation hardware or bone
- Treated with antibiotics; very rarely leads to removal of the implant
- How to minimize the risk:
- Choose an experienced surgeon
- Follow all post-operative instructions
- Do not smoke
- Complete all orthodontic treatment
Clinical Guidance
True failure of orthognathic surgery is very rare. Most complications are manageable and do not require additional surgery. Choosing an experienced surgeon and following their instructions gives you the best chance of an excellent outcome.